A privação do sono e seus impactos no desenvolvimento de transtornos neurodegenerativos / Sleep deprivation and its impacts on the development of neurodegenerative disorders / La privación del sueño y su impacto en el desarrollo de trastornos neurodegenerativos

Introdução: A redução do tempo de sono, abaixo das necessidades básicas individuais, denominada privação do sono (PS) é alvo de pesquisas que buscam entender seus efeitos no organismo humano. Estudos em indivíduos que experienciam a PS regularmente demonstraram consequências negativas da prática na saúde humana. Objetivo: A fim de aprofundar o entendimento sobre o tema, esta revisão integrativa de literatura tem o objetivo de elucidar os impactos da PS na cognição, no humor e no desenvolvimento de transtornos neurodegenerativos. Métodos: Por meio da leitura de artigos, selecionados pelo método PRISMA, e da síntese de seus resultados. Resultados: Após análise, foram selecionados 18 artigos, que discutiam sobre o desenvolvimento de doenças neurodegenerativas. Como resultado, observou-se predominância, nos artigos, de impactos negativos da PS sobre o tema estudado, com pequena minoria demonstrando resultados inconclusivos ou sem impacto/impacto significativo, e sem relatos de impactos positivos. Nota-se prejuízos da PS no desenvolvimento de doenças neurodegenerativas, com alta relação à Doença de Alzheimer e relatos sobre Doença de Parkinson, Doença de Huntington e Esclerose Múltipla. Conclusão: Portanto, constata-se como a PS pode exercer impactos negativos no ser humano, notadamente para o desenvolvimento de transtornos neurodegenerativos.

Introduction: The reduction of sleep time, below individual basic needs, called sleep deprivation (SD), is the subject of research that seeks to understand its effects on the human body. Studies in individuals who experience SD regularly have shown negative consequences of this practice on human health. Objective: In order to deepen the understanding of the subject, this integrative literature review aims to elucidate the impacts of SD on the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: Through the reading of articles, selected by the PRISMA method, and the synthesis of their results. After analysis, 18 articles were selected, in which was discussed the development of neurodegenerative. Results: As a result, there was a predominance, in the articles, of negative impacts of SD on the studied aspect, with a small minority demonstrating inconclusive results or results without impact or significant impact, and without any reports of positive impacts. It is noticeable that SD results in damages in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, with great association with Alzheimer's Disease and one report associating SD and Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Conclusion: Therefore, it is clear how SD can have negative impacts on humans, notably for the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

Introducción: La reducción del tiempo de sueño, abajo de las necesidades básicas individuales, denominada privación de sueño (PS), es objeto de investigación, que busca comprender sus efectos en el organismo humano. Los estudios en individuos que experimentan PS regularmente han mostrado consecuencias negativas de esta práctica en la salud humana. Objetivo: Con el fin de profundizar en la comprensión del tema, esta revisión integrativa de la literatura tiene como objetivo dilucidar los impactos de PS en el desarrollo de trastornos neurodegenerativos. Metodología: Através de la lectura de artículos, seleccionados por el método PRISMA, y la síntesis de sus resultados. Después del análisis, se seleccionaron 18 artículos, que discutieron el desarrollo de trastornos neurodegenerativos. Resultados: Como resultado, fue observado un predominio, en los artículos, de impactos negativos de la DS sobre lo aspecto estudiado, con una pequeña minoría demostrando resultados no concluyentes o resultados sin impacto o impacto significativo, y sin informes de impactos positivos. Es notorio que la PS resulta en daños en el desarrollo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, con gran asociación con la Enfermedad de Alzheimer y un reporte asociando SD y Enfermedad de Parkinson, Enfermedad de Huntington y Esclerosis Múltiple. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, está claro cómo el PS puede tener impactos negativos en los seres humanos, en particular para trastornos neurodegenerativos.

Publication Trends Studies Involving Disabled Persons with Dental Care Needs: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate scientific production on disabled persons with dental care needs over a 20-year period. Material and Methods: The search was conducted in the PubMed database using the MeSH terms "Disabled Persons" AND "Dentistry". Three researchers selected articles based on readings of the title, abstract and full text. The articles were categorized according to periodical, country, study design, subject and classification of comorbidities and associated disorders. Three hundred ninety-seven articles published in 140 periodicals were included. Results: The periodicals Special Care in Dentistry (54), Dental Clinics of North America (14) and British Dental Journal (14) accounted for 21% of the publications. The studies were conducted in 50 countries, with the United States accounting for 33%. More than half (52%) of the studies had a cross-sectional design. The main subject addressed was oral diagnosis and most of the comorbidities were generalized disabilities. Conclusion: Although a large number of the periodicals have contributed to knowledge building on disabled persons with dental care needs, the number of articles is small compared to other fields of dentistry. Moreover, important gaps in knowledge persist and projects with better methodological designs are needed to offer a more substantial contribution to clinical practice.

Relationship between anemia and oral cancer: a case-control study

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, type and severity of anemia at the time of diagnosis of oral cancer, and its potential association with the degree of tumor cell differentiation. This case-control study used 366 medical records of patients treated at two referral centers for oral cancer diagnosis, specifically: cases (n=70) with a histopathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity, and controls (n=296) with benign oral lesions. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables of both groups, as well as complete blood count values, were analyzed by descriptive statistics and crude/adjusted logistic regression. Anemia was detected in 15.7% of the cases and 11.8% of the controls. The presence of anemia had an OR=1.64 (odds ratio) (95%CI 0.54-5.00) for OSCC, with no significantly statistical association. Normocytic anemia was the most prevalent form of anemia when oral cancer was diagnosed (91.4% of the controls and 72.7% of the cases), and moderate to severely low hemoglobin levels were associated with OSCC diagnosis (OR 6.49; 95%CI 1.18-35.24), albeit data on hematological examinations were missing.

Treatment of non-neurogenic overactive bladder with onabotulinumtoxina: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials / Tratamento da bexiga hiperativa não neurogênica com toxina botulínica A: revisão sistemática e metanálise de ensaios clínicos prospectivos, randomizados e placebo-controlados

Abstract We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials that studied non-neurogenic overactive bladder patients who were treated with 100 units of onabotulinumtoxinA or placebo. The primary purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness with regard to urinary urgency, urinary frequency, nocturia, and incontinence episodes. Our secondary purpose consisted of evaluating the adverse effects. Our initial search yielded 532 entries. Of these, seven studies met all the inclusion criteria (prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled studies, ≥ 3 points on the Jadad scale) and were selected for analysis. For all primary endpoints, the toxin was more effective than placebo (p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval [95CI]), namely: urgency (mean difference = -2.07; 95CI = [-2.55-1.58]), voiding frequency (mean difference = - 1.64; 95CI = [-2.10-1.18]), nocturia (mean difference = -0.25; 95CI = [-0.39-0.11]) and incontinence episodes (mean difference = -2.06; 95CI= [-2.60-1.52]). The need for intermittent catheterization and the occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) were more frequent in patients treated with onabotulinumtoxinA than in patients treated with placebo (p < 0.0001). Compared with placebo, onabotulinumtoxinA had significantly and clinically relevant reductions in overactive bladder symptoms and is associated with higher incidence of intermittent catheterization and UTI.

Resumo Realizou-se revisão sistemática emetanálise de estudos clínicos prospectivos, randomizados e placebo-controlados que comparavam a toxina botulínica ao placebo no tratamento da bexiga hiperativa. O objetivo primário desta metanálise foi avaliar a eficácia da toxina botulínica em relação à urgência urinária, frequência miccional, noctúria e episódios de incontinência. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar os efeitos adversos. Selecionamos estudos que incluíram somente pacientes com bexiga hiperativa não-neurogênica tratada com 100 unidades de onabotulinum toxina A ou placebo (grupo controle). Foram encontrados 532 estudos após as buscas iniciais, dos quais sete apresentaram todos os critérios de inclusão (estudos prospectivos, randomizados, placebo-controlados, ≥ 3pontosnaescalade Jadad) e fizeram parte desta análise. Para todos os objetivosprimários a toxina foimais eficaz do que o placebo, comp < 0,0001 e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%: urgência (diferençamédia = -2,07, IC=[-2,55; -1,58]), freqüênciamiccional (diferençamédia=-1,64, IC=[-2,10; -1,18]), noctúria (diferençamédia=-0,25, IC=[-0,39; -0,11]) e episódios de incontinência (diferença média = -2,06, IC= [-2,60; -1,52]). A necessidade de cateterização intermitente e a ocorrência de infecção urinária (ITU) forammais frequentes no grupo toxina na comparação como grupo placebo (p < 0,0001). A toxina botulínica promoveu melhora significativa dos sintomas de bexiga hiperativa na comparação com o placebo. Entretanto, está associada a uma maior incidência de cateterismo intermitente e infecção do trato urinário.

Physico-chemical quality changes in mangaba (hancornia speciosa gomes) fruit stored at different temperatures

The physical-chemical quality changes in mangaba fruit were studied. The fruit which attained full development at half-ripe stage were harvested and initially stored at 6, 8, 10 and 12±1ºC for four days. After this period, the fruit were transferred to an acclimatized room (24±2ºC) and maintained for five days. For control purposes, recently harvested fruit were stored directly in an acclimatized room (24±2ºC) for six days. After the transfer and storage at 24ºC, fruit were analyzed daily for their vitamin-C, soluble solids (ºBrix), titratable acidity, pH and firmness contents. In fruit directly stored at 24ºC, there was a sharp fall in vitamin C and acid contents. The fruit firmness decrease, after four days of storage, and they turned totally ripe. The fruit which were initially maintained at 6 or 8ºC did not show any significative difference in physical-chemical quality during the storage.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as mudanças físico-químicas e qualidade da mangaba. Frutos totalmente desenvolvidos, no estádio verde-maduro, foram colhidos e armazenados inicialmente em 6, 8, 10 e 2±1ºC em câmaras frias por 4 dias. Após este período, os frutos foram transferidos a câmaras climatizadas (24±2ºC) e mantidos por 5 dias. Para o controle, os frutos recém-colhidos foram armazenados diretamente em sala climatizada (24±2ºC) por 6 dias. Após o período de refrigeração, os mesmos foram transferidos para armazenamento a 24ºC, diariamente foram analisados os teores de vitamina-C, sólidos solúveis (ºBrix), acidez titulável, pH e firmeza. Frutos armazenados diretamente a 24ºC, houve uma queda significativa nos teores de vitamina C e ácidos. A firmeza dos frutos diminuiu, após 4 dias de armazenamento, após esse período apresentaram totalmente maduros. Frutos que foram mantidos inicialmente em 6 ou 8ºC não mostraram nenhuma diferença significativa na qualidade física química durante o armazenamento.

Comparación de las frecuencias de los alelos factor V Leiden (G1691A) y protrombina-G20210A entre pacientes con trombosis venosa profunda y población general mediterránea española / Factor V Leiden (G1691A) and prothrombin-G20210A alleles among patients with deep venous thrombosis and in the general population from Spain

Background: Factor V leiden and the -G20210A variant of prothrombin gene are associated to a higher risk of deep venous thrombosis. Aim: To assess the frequency of factor V Leiden (G1691A) and prothrombin -G20210A alleles in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and in the general population from Spain. Material and methods: Factor V Leiden (g1691a) and prothrombin-g20210a alleles were genotyped in 493 individuals from the Spanish general populations and in 131 patients with DVT. The presence of DVT was confirmed by phlebography. Allelic frequencies and the DVT risk associated with these variants were estimated. Results: Allelic frequencies for the factor V Leiden (G1691A) allele were 0.019 in patients with DVT and 0.010 in the general population (p=0.235). The frequencies for the prothrombin-G20210A allele were 0.027 and 0.026 (p=0.975). After adjustment for age and gender, the odds ratio for DVT, associated with the presence of G1691A allele was 2.41, but not statistically significant (95% confidence intervals 0.63-9.19). Conclusions: Prothrombin-G20210A allele was more prevelant than factor V Leiden (G1691A) allele in the Spanish population. However, the magnitude of the association between the G20210A and DVT risk is very low. On the contrary, the G1691A allele is associated by itself with a two fold increase in DVT risk in this population although without reaching statistical significance due to its low frequency.

Incidência e preditores de morte súbita na cardiopatia chagásica crônica com função sistólica preservada / Incidence predictors of sudden death in chronic chagas cardiopathy with preserved systolic function

Objetivos:Avaliar a incidência e os preditores de morte súbita em uma coorte de pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica crônica e função sistólica preservada (FE maior 45 por cento).Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal de uma coorte de 1053 pacientes com doença de Chagas, recrutados no período de 03/1990 a 03/2002 e acompanhados até 03/2003.todos foram submetidos a exame clínico, ECG, RX tórax e ECO na admissão.Na análise da incidência, foram descritas a incidência cumulativa e a incidência dencidade.Foram utilizaod o teste qui-quadrado para a comparação de variáveis categóricas e o teste t de Student para a comparação de médias entre 2 grupos. Resultados:Não houve qualquer caso de morte súbita entre os pacientes com ECG inicial normal.Nos 539 pacientes com ECG alterado, 377 aparesentavam FE maior 45 por cento e constituem a coorte de interesse

Contribuiçäo ao estudo da variaçäo da sintopia da artéria cística / Variation of the topography of cistic artery

A variaçäo da sintopia da artéria cística é uma das dificuldades nas cirurgias das vias biliares extra-hepáticas. Estudamos 36 dissecçöes (Disciplina de Anatomia Humana da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), interessando o pedículo hepático e a vascularizaçäo da vesícula biliar. Na maioria dos casos a artéria cística (63,9%) respeitava as descriçöes anatômicas clássicas, ramo da artéria hepática direita e passando pelo trígono cístico, sendo outras possibilidades demonstradas